Sunday, December 31, 2006

年末,工作人請問問自己──是雞還是豬?

有一天,一隻雞和一頭豬去逛街,在路上遇到有人賣美式早餐(基本形款是兩個蛋 + 培根+ 麵包+ 咖啡),每份售價是一美元。雞看了,覺得很便宜啊!轉頭問豬,豬卻說很貴很貴!

為什么?

分別在於,雞一天下一個蛋,兩天生產兩個蛋,就足夠應付一份美式早餐的需求,毫髮無損。
豬可不一樣了,一片片的培根,卻是豬賠了老命換來的,跟下蛋的雞比起來,豬當然覺得美式早餐很貴啊!

其實,故事要表達的,是企業里兩種員工的心態,雞提供勞務換取所需,但是不賣命,這樣的員工是屬於 "Contribution "(貢獻)類的打工型(通是中下階層員工)。豬則是屬於"Commitment "(承諾)一類,就是為了公司好,命賣掉也在所不惜的死忠型(多半是高階主管)。

公司里,如果員工都是雞,就會有流動性高、無法長期經營、應付激烈競爭的問題;假如豬太多,很容易造成內鬥嚴重、沒有活力,到頭來變成一灘死水,無法創造新局。

所以,每家企業必須找出正確、適當的豬和雞的比例,才能應付生存的挑戰。

*以上為城邦出版集團雜誌專欄文章


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Tuesday, November 07, 2006

KLCI surges past 1,000 points to hit 6 1/2-year high

Malaysia's key stock index surged past the 1,000 psychological barrier Tuesday to hit a 6 1/2-year high on renewed interest from foreign and local funds.
The Kuala Lumpur Composite Index of 100 blue chips rose 1 percent to 1,003.28, the highest close since March 2000.
Dealers said the market may strengthen over the next few days as institutional funds appeared to be snapping up stocks in potentially high earnings growth sectors such as construction and plantation.
Among the biggest movers, plantation firm KL Kepong soared 4.8 percent to 13.10 ringgit and IOI Corp. was up 2.2 percent at 18.40.
Conglomerate YTL Corp. gained 3.7 percent at 5.65 ringgit, MMC Corp. surged 8.9 percent to 3.66 after it landed a project in Saudi Arabia and Malaysia Airlines rose 5.7 percent to 3.70.

Thursday, October 26, 2006

Bonds can provide good returns, too by YEOH Kiat Seng

A common misconception among most retail investors is that bond investing is only for the very rich, very old or very conservative.
Actually it takes only RM250,000 to invest directly in bonds, while for RM500,000, you can have a bond portfolio managed by professionals.
Not exactly pocket change, but certainly affordable to those who are priority banking clients. Investing in unit trust bond funds of course starts with only RM1,000.
Bonds today are far from being a household investment among retailers, with most Malaysians remaining fixated on equities. As fixed deposits are deemed sufficient for savings needs, bonds are left to straddle the “no man’s land” between the two.
This is quite a shame as bonds hold so much promise in catering to the needs of investors, conservative or otherwise.
Yet its potential remains largely latent, as the penetration of bond ownership among Malaysians, even those with high net worth, remains very low despite the pace at which the bond market has developed.
Bonds work on the principle that by disintermediating banks i.e. bringing borrowers and lenders together and cutting banks out as the middlemen, the spreads that the latter earns are also carved out and shared between the two.
Consequently, the investor earns a higher yield and the borrower enjoys a lower borrowing cost.
This ability to generate a higher yield traded off against a slightly higher risk, accords bonds their biggest appeal. For investors who can afford to hold bonds to maturity, the main risk is credit risk, risk of issuer defaulting on interest or principal payment. This may be higher than that of a bank, although not necessarily always so.
The risk gap between bonds and fixed deposits (FDs) is often not that wide. Historically, the incident of default for A-rated bonds has been insignificant except for a spike in 1998 during the Asian crisis.
Default of AA bonds is extremely rare, while AAA bonds have never defaulted before. Given these favourable odds, credit risk can be reasonably managed with proper selection and monitoring.
In many ways, bonds are very similar to FDs. Both are fixed-income instruments – returns are known in advance if held to maturity. They provide regular income and depending on the bond rating, are able to satisfy the principal protection needs of investors, at least for the conservative part of their portfolio.
In my opinion, bonds are close substitutes for FDs, yet better on several counts. Returns are almost always superior, providing an inflation hedge. Also, investors are able to strive for higher yields by assuming credit or interest rate risks.
FD rate differentiation among banks tends to be fairly low, and even with longer tenures, the yield pick-up is usually not substantial. Further, interest from bonds is tax-free for individuals, unlike FD interest where there is a 5% withholding tax for FDs of more than RM100,000.
Investors who need to borrow money can pledge their bonds as collateral for loans, similar to FDs. The advantage though, is that they can actually make money by doing so via a reverse repo facility, using the proceeds to invest back in bonds and earn a yield higher than borrowing cost. He cannot make such a gain putting the money in FDs.
Bond investors who need to raise funds by selling their bonds will not lose out on interest accrued up to the date of sale, as the interest is built into the selling price. Fixed depositors will, however, lose the bulk of their accrued interest if FDs are uplifted early.
There are, however, some areas aside from credit where bonds are riskier than FDs. Investors who sell their bonds instead of holding them to maturity face interest rate risk i.e. the possibility of the bonds’ value falling when interest rate rises.
This risk has traditionally been manageable given our stable interest rate environment, save for the Asian crisis. Investors who do not sell their bonds will not incur realised losses, but there would be an opportunity loss as they could have obtained higher yields buying the bonds later.
Another risk faced by bond investors is liquidity risk. Because some bonds are not actively traded, there are occasions when investors cannot sell simply because of a lack of demand.
Once again, this risk crops up only if the investor has to sell pre-maturity or if he intends to trade in bonds rather than have a buy-and-hold strategy.
Because there is volatility in bond prices unlike FDs, it is an investment rather than a savings instrument. Just as there is a risk of bond values falling when interest rate rises (or credit quality deteriorates), there is also an opportunity to gain when interest rate falls (or credit quality improves). Investors who can time the market can enhance their return beyond simply earning a yield from holding bonds.
Given the widely shared belief that our interest rates have peaked or are close to peaking, interest rate risk is currently low compared with before. If anything, there is probably a greater likelihood of bond values rising when interest rates start to soften over time.
One can also invest in bonds via unit trusts and discretionary funds. The former’s advantages are that it requires only a small investment for investors to afford diversification and professional management.
The additional risk though is the volatility of returns during periods of massive redemptions. Investing via discretionary bond funds helps overcome this disadvantage, but the minimum investment is higher.
Bonds offer one of the highest returns per unit of risk as one moves up the risk-return curve.
I believe ownership of bonds by individual and corporate investors is likely to grow significantly over time as conservative investors grow increasingly aware of its benefits, while moderate to aggressive investors learn to appreciate that bonds and equities are not mutually exclusive in a portfolio but should co-exist to achieve diversification.
IN this article, CIMB Private Banking YEOH KIAT SENG demystifies bonds and reveals why Malaysian investors, conservative or otherwise, should not shy away from an instrument that has strong potential for good returns.

Friday, October 20, 2006

When There's a WILL...

We all know we should do it but more than 80% of Malaysians over the age of 18 have not written a will. What is more shocking is that more than 80% of parents with children below the age of 18 do not have a will. This means that should anything happen to one or both parents, thier children are not provided for financially. And there is no legal guardian for the children.



COMMON EXCUSES GIVEN FOR NOT WRITING A WILL:
  • I'm still young, I'll write it when I'm older.

  • My spouse will know what to do.

  • I don't have anything of value to leave to my family or I'm not rich so I don't need a will.

  • I don't know what to do or who to ask.

  • If I write my will, then I'll die faster.

  • I don't have time to do one now, maybe later.

  • Wills are only for the erderly, the sick or the dying.



WHY DO YOU NEED TO WRITE A WILL?
  • To control your property and family after you die.

  • Allows you to designate the guardian of your child(ren) after your death.

  • Appoint the appropriate person to administer your estate to your beneficiaries.

  • If you without a will, it takes long time to sort out your estate and this delay may cause financial hardship on your family members.

  • Avoid legal tussles on who has claim on your property and your children.

  • Do not assume that if you die without a will, your assets will automatically go to your spouse and children. Your parents and siblings may have a claim too.


WHEN YOU DECIDE TO WRITE A WILL, YOU WILL NEED TO:
  • Make a list of all the people you would like to name as beneficiaries.

  • Make a list of all your assets - property, bank account, business assets, shares in public listed companies, foreign assets, insurance policies, etc.

  • If you have made an earlier will, then you will have to revoke any previous wills.

  • Provide directions on your wishes for your funeral - it is not incommon for family members to argue over which religious ceremony should be followed where the members are of different religious denominations.

  • Decide whoshould be your executors (If this is an individual, there should be more than one, in the event that he or she dies before you), trustees and witnesses.

  • Decide on who you and your spouse would like to appoint as your children's legal guardian and ask them to agree to this appoinment. It is an idea to have alternatives, in the event that the first choice is no longer available to carry out the appoinment.


DID YOU KNOW?

  • Marriage revokes a will that was excuted prior marriage.

  • Conversion to ISLAM revokes a will, the estate is then governed by Syariah Law.

  • If you die with no relatives and no will, your estate goes to the Malaysian Government.

Monday, July 31, 2006

TOP 10 Money Rules

  • Save your money and get interest. Work to make money at the same time.
  • Always have and work towards a financial goal. Adjust your goals as necessary but never abandon them.
  • Begin a retirement and investment account now. The earlier you start a long term savings/investment account, the bigger the payoff in the future.
  • If you don't have the CASH to pay for it, you can't afford it. Bring able to make the instalment payments doesn't mean you can afford it.
  • Money isn't everything and greed is not good.
  • Save at least 10% of each and every paycheque. Force yourself to do this. It will pay off in the LONG run.
  • A sale in a store is not a sale if you can't afford it.
  • Earn some, save some, spend some.
  • Spend less than you earn.
  • If your outflow exceeds your income, your upkeep will be downfall.

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Saturday, July 01, 2006

June 2006 Market Review and Outlook

KLCI Continues to Ease with Regional Markets

Commencing the month at 930.4 points, the KLCI fell amidst continued declines in regional markets to its year low of 883.2 points in mid-June. However, a rebound in global and regional markets towards the end of June helped the KLCI to close at 914.7 points for a reduced loss of 1.4% for the month of June 2006.

Regional markets closed on a mixed note as concerns of excessive tightening of U.S. monetary policy by the U.S. Federal Reserve diminished. A rebound on Wall Street caused selected regional markets to stem earlier losses in late June. South East Asian markets generally closed weaker while North Asian markets managed to register marginal gains in June.

On Wall Street, the Dow also eased to near its year low of 10,667.4 points in mid-June on concerns of further interest rate hikes before rebounding to 11,150.2 points, down by a marginal 0.2% for the month. The Nasdaq closed 0.3% lower at 2,172.1 points over the same period.
Malaysia’s export growth slowed to a 9-month low of 6.3% in April from 9.5% in March and 11.9% in 1Q2006 due to slower exports of electronic & electrical and commodity products. Likewise, import growth also eased to 11.4% in April from 14% in March on weaker imports of capital and consumption goods. As a result, Malaysia’s trade surplus narrowed to RM7.2bil in April from RM9.6bil in March. The cumulative trade surplus for the January to April 2006 period of RM33 bil is about the same level as the previous corresponding period in 2005.

Domestic demand remained resilient with consumer loans growth moderating slightly to 17% in May from 18.6% in April as demand for vehicle financing weakened amid uncertainty over the outlook for car prices. The banking system’s overall loans growth remained stable at 8.9% in May on the back of firm demand for corporate loans.

Malaysia’s foreign reserves rose by a bigger margin of RM10.5bil in May to RM289.5bil as at 31st May compared to an increase of RM7.4bil in April. The increase in reserves is attributable to higher repatriation of export earnings and net capital inflows.

The local inflation rate eased to 3.9% in May from 4.6% in April as transport costs rose at a slower pace of 12.4% in May compared to 16.9% in April. However, the inflation rate is expected to remain high in coming months following Tenaga’s hike in electricity rates with effect from 1st June.

On the international front, economic activities in the U.S. show signs of moderating with the U.S. durables goods order growing at the slowest pace in 10 months of 3.3% in May from 10.8% in April following a sharp fall in civilian aircraft orders. However, consumer confidence as measured by the Conference Board rebounded slightly to 105.7 in June from 104.7 in May due to expectations that the business outlook and the job market are likely to improve.

The U.S. inflation rate rose to a 7-month high of 4.2% in May from 3.5% in April due mainly to higher fuel prices while core inflation (excluding food and energy) edged up to a 15-month high of 2.4% from 2.3% over the same period.

The Federal Reserve raised the Federal funds rate for the 17th time by 25 basis points to a 5-year high of 5.25% at the FOMC meeting on 29th June. Although the Federal Reserve stated that economic growth is moderating from its strong pace earlier this year, it noted that some inflationary risks remain and the outlook for interest rate policy will depend on the incoming data.

On the currency front, the U.S. dollar strengthened by 2.8% against the Euro and 4% against the Yen respectively in June on expectations that U.S. interest rates will continue to exceed interest rates in Europe and Japan. The U.S. dollar also appreciated versus other regional currencies amid the recent correction in emerging markets. The Ringgit eased by 1.5% to RM3.69 against the U.S. dollar for the month. Meanwhile, oil prices moved in a trading range around the US$70/brl level in June before ending the month unchanged at US$71/brl.

Stockmarket Outlook
The sharp correction in global and regional financial markets in May and June was triggered by concerns that an overtightening of U.S. monetary policy by the U.S. Federal Reserve could lead to a sharper-than-expected slowdown in the global economy. After making 17th consecutive hikes in interest rates, the U.S. Federal Reserve may be reaching the end of its monetary tightening cycle with a potential pause in interest rates after another potential hike at the 8th August FOMC meeting.

Despite concerns over the effect of tighter monetary policies, global economic growth is still expected to be sustained at between 4% and 5.0% this year compared to 4.8% last year. The anticipated slowdown in U.S. economic growth could be mitigated by the current strengthening of the Japanese and Euroland economies while China continues to grow at a strong pace.

On the regional front, economic growth is expected to moderate in most Asian economies in 2H2006 as global demand for manufactured exports weakens in tandem with the anticipated slowdown in the U.S. economy. However, selected regional economies with a significant domestic sector may be able to mitigate any slowdown in the external environment. On the valuations front, the recent sell-down in regional markets has sufficiently discounted the risk of overtightening by the U.S. Federal Reserve as valuations of selected regional markets have reached fairly attractive levels.

On the local front, Bank Negara is expected to maintain a tightening stance on monetary policy to keep inflationary pressures under control and ensure that real interest rates remain positive. However, the anticipated hikes in domestic interest rates in 2H2006 are expected to be moderate given the prospect of a peaking in U.S. interest rates by August 2006 and the high levels of liquidity in the banking system.

Despite the challenging external environment, Bursa Securities is a defensive market underpinned by fair valuations and reasonably attractive dividend yields. Bursa Securities’ P/E rating of 14.7x 2006 earnings is 17% below the 7-year historical average (1999-2005) of 17.7x. The market is underpinned by a gross dividend yield of 4.5% which compares favorably to Ringgit fixed deposit rates for less than a year’s tenure.

Wednesday, March 29, 2006

Benefits of Investing in UNIT TRUST

Unit trust funds provide you with a simple, convenient and less time-consuming method of investing in securities compared to investing directly in the stock market or any other eligible market. As an investor you are able to benefit from the expertise of full-time professional fund managers without the need to worry about what kind of securities to buy and when to get in and out of the market. By investing in unit trust funds, you have the opportunity to spread your money over a diversified portfolio of assets which otherwise may not be possible on your own.
In brief, the benefits you will get to enjoy with unit trust investment are:


Professional investment services
Diversification opportunities and minimised risks
Affordability
Convenience
Liquidity


Note: Any investment carries with it an element of risks. Therefore, prior to making an investment, prospective investors should consider the risk factors.

Thursday, January 05, 2006

The PRESENT


The Gift that Makes You Happy and Successful at Work and in Life.
by Spencer Johnson
The PRESENT is not the past and it is not the future. The PRESENT is the PRESENT moment. The PRESENT is now!

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